Russia and China on Tuesday pushed back against a U.S. warning over their increasing military and economic cooperation in the Arctic, where climate change is opening greater competition.
Russia has in recent years beefed up its military presence in the Arctic by reopening and modernising several bases and airfields abandoned since the end of the Soviet era, while China has poured money into polar exploration and research.
โWe have seen growing cooperation between the Peopleโs Republic of China (PRC) and Russia in the Arctic commercially, with the PRC being a major funder of Russian energy exploitation in the Arctic,โ U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defence Kathleen Hicks told presspersons on July 22.
โJoint exercisesโย
There is also growing military cooperation, โwith Russia and China conducting joint exercises off the coast of Alaska,โ Mrs. Hicks said as the department released its 2024 Arctic strategy.
โAll of these challenges have been amplified because the effects of climate change are rapidly warming temperatures and thinning ice coverage, and itโs enabling all of this activity,โ she said.
The rapid melting of polar ice has sent activity in the inhospitable region into overdrive as nations eye newly viable oil, gas and mineral deposits as well as shipping routes in an area with a complex web of competing territorial claims.
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Moscow is heavily promoting its Northern Sea Route, an alternative cargo route for vessels travelling between Europe and Asia.
China and Russia both defended their policies in the region on Tuesday.
Beijing said it acts on the โprinciples of respect, cooperation, mutual wins and sustainabilityโ, adding it was โcommitted to maintaining peace and stabilityโ in the region.
โThe United States distorts Chinaโs Arctic policy and makes thoughtless remarks on Chinaโs normal Arctic activities (which are) in accordance with international law,โ Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said.
โTerritory of discordโย
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said Russia โdoes its part to ensure that the Arctic does not become a territory of discord and tension.โ
He told presspersons that Russiaโs cooperation with China โcontributes to an atmosphere of stability and predictabilityโ in the Arctic and their actions were not targeted against other countries.
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Washingtonโs Arctic strategy describes the area as โa strategically important regionโ for the United States that includes โthe northern approaches to the homelandโ and โsignificant U.S. defence infrastructure.โ
It says climate change could result in the Arctic experiencing its first โpractically ice-free summer by 2030.โ
โIncreases in human activity will elevate the risk of accidents, miscalculation, and environmental degradation,โ and U.S. forces โmust be ready and equipped to mitigate the risks associated with potential contingencies in the Arctic,โ the strategy said.